El capital relacional de las organizaciones: una revisión teórica
Resumen
Objetivo. Ofrecer un marco teórico actualizado del capital relacional como componente del capital intelectual de las organizaciones a partir de la revisión y análisis de la literatura científica más relevante que se ha generado sobre el tema. Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque. Esta es una investigación teórica de carácter analítico basada en un diseño descriptivo en la que se utilizaron métodos teóricos de investigación como el análisis-síntesis, el inductivo-deductivo y el análisis documental para la recopilación y revisión de las fuentes de información primarias y secundarias disponibles, tanto impresas como digitales, en español e inglés. Este proceso implicó la consulta y análisis de trabajos relevantes que se encuentran disponibles en bases de datos, repositorios y portales bibliográficos como Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), SciELO, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Redalyc y DIALNET. Resultados/Discusión. Se constató que el capital relacional ha evolucionado de un enfoque unidimensional centrado exclusivamente en el valor aportado a las organizaciones por las relaciones con los clientes a un enfoque multidimensional, que incorpora también el valor representado por la imagen organizativa, las alianzas y las relaciones con elementos externos como proveedores y competidores. Originalidad/Valor. La investigación constituye una aportación al área de la gestión organizacional al proporcionar un soporte teórico de la conceptualización y evolución del capital relacional e identificar las variables de interés para su gestión.
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